Waterboarding and Torture
The media are woefully ignorant on the subject of waterboarding and torture. Consider the coverage of former CIA officer, John Kiriakou, who is telling his story as an interrogator of Abu Zubaydah and insisting that waterboarding is an effective technique. ABC and CNN are repeating this absurd propaganda. However, if you read the transcript of his interview some key points are obscured in the media propaganda push: (part 1 and part 2):
- Kiriakou never witnessed the waterboarding. It was carried out by another group of individuals (nfi).
- None of the information provided by Zubaydah concerned threats inside the United States.
The ABC interview with Kiriakou provides some important insights into the whole question of the CIA’s role in using torture, which is now euphemistically called “enhanced interrogation”. CIA case officers are not trained in “interrogation”. They are trained in recruitment. Recruiting and debriefing sources is more akin to romancing someone. You are not looking for a one night stand, you want a relationship.
So who did the CIA turn to for help with “enhanced interrogation”? It was either the military or former military working as contractors. Why? Because the military did train interrogators at Fort Huachuca and they were familiar with enhanced interrogation methods, including waterboarding.
Unfortunately, the media are helping perpetuate several myths about waterboarding. Last Sunday in the Washington Post, for example, reporters Joby Warrick and Dan Eggen claimed:

A U.S. soldier in Vietnam supervises the waterboarding of a captured North Vietnamese soldier. Bettmann/Corbis
“Waterboarding as an interrogation technique has its roots in some of history’s worst totalitarian nations, from Nazi Germany and the Spanish Inquisition to North Korea and Iraq. In the United States, the technique was first used five decades ago as a training tool to give U.S. troops a realistic sense of what they could expect if captured by the Soviet Union or the armies of Southeast Asia. The U.S. military has officially regarded the tactic as torture since the Spanish-American War.
In general, the technique involves strapping a prisoner to a board or other flat surface, and then raising his feet above the level of his head. A cloth is then placed over the subject’s mouth and nose, and water is poured over his face to make the prisoner believe he is drowning.”
Wrong. Dead wrong. A friend of VIPS sent the following to Ray McGovern yesterday reminding us that:
As I’m sure you know, waterboarding was a common practice used by the Marines in the Philippines during the war 1898-1902 when thousands were killed. I recall seeing photos as well as drawings of it among the military records in the National Archives. But now, they are spinning waterboarding as a practice the U.S. only used to show our people what to expect from the enemy.
Incidentally, a photograph (click this link) appeared on the front page of the Washington Post showing a U.S. smiling officer in Vietnam participating in the waterboarding of an alleged North Vietnamese cadre. On Jan. 21, 1968, The Washington Post ran the photo of a U.S. soldier supervising the waterboarding. The caption said the technique induced “a flooding sense of suffocation and drowning, meant to make him talk.” The picture led to an Army investigation and, two months later, the court martial of the soldier.
Hell, it would help if Washington Post reporters read their own damn paper. It is historical information, but real facts are better than uninformed opinions.
In this regard it is worth noting that waterboarding is torture as defined in the Convention Against Torture & Other Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment. The Convention defines torture as:
. . . any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes as obtaining from him or a third person information or a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has committed or is suspected of having committed, or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person acting in an official capacity. It does not include pain or suffering arising only from, inherent in or incidental to lawful sanctions.
Writers and editors at the Post and other newspapers should also consult the following sections of this Convention:
- Article 2 - No Exceptional Circumstances Warranting Torture
- Article 3 - No State Party shall expel, return (”refouler”) or extradite a person to another State where there are substantial grounds for believing that he would be in danger of being subjected to torture.
- Article 4 - Acts of Torture Are Criminal Offenses
- Article 10 - Education & Information Regarding Prohibition on Torture Provided in Training
- Article 16 - Each State to Prevent Acts of Cruel, Inhuman, or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
Since the United States is a signatory to this Convention, it is not up to President Bush to declare waterboarding is okay. It is not. It is torture. Plain and simple.















Comments (23)
The shift to arguing efficacy is to avoid discussing the Conventions and other issues of moral legitimacy. Ends are justifying means here---is anyone noticing?
I'm personally amused and horrified simultaneously by explanations that Abu Zubaydah was cooperative after we drowned him. I'd bet he would be even more cooperativew if we administered local anesthesia and began removing his fingers. No pain, no threat of death, what's the problem? We could even ice them immediately and suggest he might get them back.
But are we that kind of people? I'm not; I hope others aren't. Unfortunately, I know many are, and are pleased to be such.
December 12, 2007 7:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
Worse than ends justifying the means: given the quality of the 'outputs,' its highly dubious ends justifying the means.
December 12, 2007 11:22 AM | Reply | Permalink
It's simple, Larry. The whole house of cards is built on George W. Bush. If it is ever acknowledged and accepted that waterboarding is torture, the inevitable conclusion is that Bush must not only be impeached, he must be arrested and tried for war crimes.
There are a lot of 'very reasonable' people in this country who believe doing that would create a Constitutional crisis that could destroy our country.
And then there's those who believe that failing to impeach and imprison these war criminals has already created a Constitutional crisis that is destroying our country.
December 12, 2007 8:16 AM | Reply | Permalink
Tom and Jeff, your comments are both are part of the MO going on.
It's the ends justifying any means. Plus, since bush is in charge of the "I wish it were only a house of cards!" that means there is no need for him to follow written rules, even his own written rules.
Make it up as you go along...as long as you go along with bush!
Isn't that it?
What Sheldon Whitehouse told us!
December 12, 2007 10:18 AM | Reply | Permalink
I'm confused, Therapy. You're not implying the Tom and Jeff supporting torture, are you? I'm probably misreading your comment. I see both commentor's comments as a bit of irony, that's all. Tell me I'm misreading you, please.
To the topic, I'm hearing a lot of people say "Sure it's torture, so what? It's justified!" Somehow that strikes me as more dangerous that the act itself. I mean a lot of folks are saying this - our fellow citizens. I mean a significant number of people. Is this an example of moral clarity?
Neoboho
December 12, 2007 1:03 PM | Reply | Permalink
Waterboarding is torture. It is cruel and unusual. It is unconstitutional, illegal and immoral.
But discussing torture is like discussing blisters when the disease is smallpox. It is a symptom. It is a manifestation of a terminal disease. We could as well discuss signing statements, the unitary executive, cronyism/nepotism, the housing market, global warming, a "defense" budget larger than the rest of the world combined, the politicization of the DOJ, media homogeneity, or the growing disparity among the haves and the have-nots.
The Bush regime has committed unconstitutional, illegal, and immoral acts in a variety of known and unknown ways. It differs little from the old Soviet Union except in referent symbolism used to justify repressive techniques(e.g., "workers" and "freedom").
Will the recent torture revelations sufficiently undermine their political/institutional hegemony?
Doubtful.
Since Bush's inauguration, we've seen increasingly extreme and even bizarre explanations used to justify the unjustifiable. It's difficult to see Kiriakou's appearance on several mainstream networks as anything but a continuation of this process. It's nothing more than a justification for torture ("It works!") albeit pitched as a moral quandary ("It works ... but it's terrible.")
I suppose this is a step away from "We do not torture", but it has the same effect.
Yet, with occasional exception, none of our "opposition" candidates seems willing to claim the traditions and philosophy of the Constitution as their platform. Instead they grant that our Reign War of Terror must continue until "we" destroy all threats to civilization.
Those invested in perpetuating the current political structure of this country can and will complain all they want about the Bush regime because they benefit from this regime as the left foot benefits from the right foot.
The best we can do now, especially with the internet and websites like this, is document the disease so that future generations can learn from our mistakes.
MW
December 12, 2007 10:37 AM | Reply | Permalink
Milton,
excellent post.
December 13, 2007 3:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
Andrew Sullivan who has been pretty tenacious on torture issue blogged about waterboarding being used in the South:
December 12, 2007 10:59 AM | Reply | Permalink
I think there was a fairly recent prosecution of a Texas sheriff for waterboarding.
Here is an excellent history of the practice: http://www.pegc.us/archive/Articles/wallach_drop_by_drop_draft_20061016.pdf
December 12, 2007 11:29 AM | Reply | Permalink
The CIA turned to the military and reverse SERE for enhanced interrogation where psychologists assisted. What the psychologists involved in these programs seem to have neglected is that many of the suspects were already suffering from mental illness or were subsequently driven into insanity by the torture.
I believe Suskind makes the case in The 1% Solution that Abu Zubaydah was mentally ill and confessed to all kinds of wild plots after the waterboarding (something Kiriakou ignores). IIRC, the suspect from Lodi, Ca. was mentally ill as was the one who was going to take down the Brooklyn Bridge and many others. Apparently, Padilla was not mentally ill going into confinement but came out that way.
I wonder if the tapes reveal Zubaydah as the out-of-the-loop lunatic that he was? Anyway, the media is ignoring this and the APA should be protecting these sick people from being exploited as terrorist masterminds instead of helping torture them.
December 12, 2007 11:14 AM | Reply | Permalink
in re: Torture in IRAQ
In VIETNAM And TPM Starbucks has a post by a former spook about the evils of waterboarding. And when everybody was praising Malcom Nance for his condemnation of waterboarding did they realize that Small Wars Journal publishes the wit and wisdom of General John K Singlaub, he of the fascist World Anticommunist League? No mention of the history of The School of the Americas?It's all a bit much
December 12, 2007 1:33 PM | Reply | Permalink
so many have such short memories.
excluding the history of the other parts of the globe, the history of the western hemisphere is a history of torture.
as h rap brown might have said, torture is as amerikan as apple pie.
prior to the invasion of the western hemisphere by the round eye, big noses, i think that the record is clear that torture was de rigeur[there weren't any noble savages]. the puritans of the massachusetts bay colony were keen on torture.
and of course, with the advent of the triangular trade[slaving], all those descendants of the puritans signed onto institutional torturing.
though some think that the confederate forces at andersonville camp were unique in their torturing, they weren't. the union forces were equally inhumane.
then there was teddy roosevelt. study the record of his invasion of the philippines and you will learn how torturing was the sop for the amerikan invaders.
later in the new century, the progressive, woodrow wilson was as keen on torturing.
sooner or later, it is going to have to be recognized that george walker bush, dick'em cheney are just the latest in a long line of amerikan grand inquisitors. the most recent resurrections of torquemada.
and as a previous poster mentioned, this country, institutionalized torture a long time ago. when ike[or was it jfk?] created the school of the torturers/assassins at fort benning. almost coincidental with jfk's creation of the uniformed torturers/assassins: the green berets.
who were the targets of this torturing, the death squads: latin american nationalists, anti-fascist trade unionists, anti-imperialists.
like the roman empire of old, the usa rubbed 'em out. and the democrats were as energetic in pursuing torture and assassinations as were the republicans.
the usa has a long reliance on torture and assassination. in its efforts to rule the world.
many don't want to recognize it, but after the signing of the treaty ending the pacific war, where the usa perpetuated the japanese monarchy, established the false democracy, and renovated the militarist zaibatsu, units of the usarmy and the kempaitai rounded up all the japanese opponents of the monarchy, the zaibatsu. then tortured them. then killed them.
there is a "hidden" history of the years after ww2.
i conclude this way. there are some who want to believe that the usa was once a noble country. that is a mistaken idee fixe.
this country has always been one of torturers and murderers.
and don't you ever forget it.
December 12, 2007 7:06 PM | Reply | Permalink
I hear a great many allegations. Some have truth, some are questionable interpretation and others need some documentation. It's easy to orate, but harder to document.
Bluntly, when someone resorts to rhetoric such as "amerikan", I tend to stop listening. It is possible to document atrocities without the revolutionary jargon. Your statements about Japan do not really parse.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" [George Santayana]
December 12, 2007 9:28 PM | Reply | Permalink
A bit hyperbolic yes. And the original post is less so.
But the original post is also based on a lie.
What's more important to you?
December 12, 2007 10:15 PM | Reply | Permalink
Which what is more or less important? Larry's statements? The Administration's lies? Sorry, I just don't follow your question.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" [George Santayana]
December 13, 2007 1:40 AM | Reply | Permalink
The US and specifically the CIA has been responsible for crimes including torture far worse than waterboarding. The history is well documented.
"Larry's statements" as you call them are obfuscatory at best.
Are you more offended by manner than by lies and evasion?
December 13, 2007 6:32 AM | Reply | Permalink
First, it was literally unclear what you meant by "first post". Some people use that to refer to the guest author lead, while others mean the first actual post in response.
Have you quit beating your wife? I asked a simple clarifying question.
Now, as far as manner, I find hyperbolic language, and a style that seems to blame the US for everything since the Borgias, to be rather useless for doing much besides expressing indignation and stimulating the already-converted. Yes, the US has been involved in atrocities. Some of the "manner" was such that it was difficult to sort out what specific event, rather than catchphrase, was being addressed.
--
Howard
*equal opportunity offense to both extremes*
"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it" [George Santayana]
December 13, 2007 7:55 AM | Reply | Permalink
What was "being addressed" was not one specific event but the hypocritical moralizing of a proud ex-spook.
You quote Santayana, but you seem not to take the warning seriously.
I'm out.
December 13, 2007 8:11 AM | Reply | Permalink
Pro-torture conservatives (esp. Cheney) needed John Kiriakou badly. The military and respected former CIA agents have repeatedly come out against waterboarding and it's efficacy. Also, the testimony given to the House Judiciary Committee on Nov. 8th was particularly damning.
So now this guy come out with his 'waterboarding works' spiel just as Congress adds language to an omnibus spending bill that would outlaw the use of waterboarding in CIA interrogations? Huh.
...the delusional is no longer marginal. It has come in from the fringe, to sit in the seat of power in the Oval Office and in Congress. Bill Moyers
December 12, 2007 9:19 PM | Reply | Permalink
I saw the guy and the ABC interview (which the next day was rebroadcast in part on BBC News). It instantly struck me that this was propagandistic information that served the administration's purpose of muddying the moral waters about waterboarding if not all of the alleged "enhanced" techniques for interrogation.
Larry, can you explain why this guy surfaced at this time, what the purpose of his sudden appearance really is, and who would be pushing him out front on this? It just struck me as very odd that a retired CIA guy would suddenly come forward on his own to express his ambivelance about this subject. Now if he were strongly in favor or opposed one can see it, but this wishy washy position just struck me as very odd indeed. Can you enlighten us on this?
Thanks!
December 13, 2007 7:58 AM | Reply | Permalink
oleeb,
I saw this guy interviewed, I didn't trust him, he had all the right answers......if you were a Bush supporter.
He claimed there was waterboarding but it produced intel that saved many lives stopping X terror attacks. What he was saying in effect, was; Yes, Bush waterboarded, but he saved thousands of American lives by stopping many terror attacks.
Ollie North; Yes, I lied to Congress, but I had to, to save the little children in the orphanage from the Sandinista's flamethrowers. (raise American flag, cue Battle Hymn of the Republic)
By the way, aren't interrogation techniques of suspected terrorists (waterboarding, etc)supposed to be kept secret so the terrorists don't train to resist them?
Isn't that the Bush administration's position.
So, did this ex CIA agent commit treason by leaking classified info that helps the terrorists? Isn't that what the Bush gang would say if this guy was a Dem?
December 13, 2007 3:20 PM | Reply | Permalink
John, I’m sure you're right that Kiriakou was pushed out front to try and spin the destruction of the tapes (I mean he seems so decent). But he is not only revealing classified info, he is outing himself as an agent all the while Hayden is claiming that the tapes were destroyed to protect the identity of agents like him. Of course, giving interviews in national magazines, newspapers, and on network news shows isn't as dangerous as holding some tapes no one knows about locked in a vault in CIA headquarters, is it?
What is easily sidetracked in all of this is that without question waterboarding is torture and torture is illegal. It is a crime regardless of any made up "ticking bomb" exigencies. It is a crime regardless of executive orders or WH findings or congressional Acts or presidential signing statements or imaginary Unitary Executive tyrannical powers in a time of “war.”
Torture is illegal under the Constitution and treaties we have signed. So, destroying any materials with evidence of waterboarding is destroying criminal evidence. The President may claim otherwise and Congress may keep kissing his ass and, ultimately, do nothing. But that doesn’t change the fact that crimes were committed.
December 13, 2007 5:24 PM | Reply | Permalink
Don,
I didn't believe anything this guy said after he admitted people were waterboarded (tortured).
I'm extremely pissed off at all the crap the Bush gang is getting away with, helped along by an agreeable Republican Congress and now a cowardly Democrat Congress and their timid committee chairs.
December 14, 2007 9:48 AM | Reply | Permalink